Nikon's first film TTL flash was the SB-12 for the F3 camera in 1980.
#Nikon fhash manual
Dark and underexposed ambient means the iTTL flash is TTL, meaning full exposure of the metered flash, Not TTL BL balanced.Īnd for flashes and cameras that can provide a PC connector, a standard PC Sync cable can be used for manual flash.Ī) TTL - We casually say TTL for any automated flash, but TTL today technically might mean Film TTL, because TTL was also used as the name of the specific automatic flash system used in film cameras since 1980 (except the last Nikon film F6 model, which can do both TTL and iTTL too). TTL BL requires normally bright ambient, and the iTTL flash can become TTL BL. Note that Wireless does NOT necessarily mean radio, it just means wireless, including optical communication by light signals (flash pulses in Commander mode). These hot shoe cables work with either film TTL or digital iTTL.
The current iTTL system is wireless, meaning it does not use any cable (except it can use a hot shoe extension cable, Nikon SC-17, SC-28, SC-29). This can be confusing, but in short, the first film flash TTL system was named TTL, and today's digital flash TTL system is named iTTL.įor example, the Nikon cables SC-18, SC-19, SC-26, SC-27 are named "TTL Cables", but for those cables, it definitely means Film TTL. We sort of have to know what we are talking about. And in iTTL, it is possibly TTL regular flash mode, but most often is TTL BL balanced mode. So what we casually call TTL flash (Through The Lens metering) might correctly refer to film TTL, but is probably instead iTTL today. In any case, the sum of any two lights is always brighter than the one brightest, so even though flash power is backed off, there could still be mild overexposure, perhaps 1/3 EV or so, often acceptable. But today, iTTL mode TTL BL balance flash automatically similarly backs off on flash power for the flash to just be fill level (unless a flash menu to set TTL instead of TTL BL specified otherwise). So then -1 2/3 EV TTL was the automatic standard sunlight flash exposure (which is 24% flash, and probably 1/3 EV overexposure of the near subject). It worked OK indoors (in dim ambient compared to a sunlight exposure) but bright sun had to be compensated by the user. That was always a problem with film TTL, when the early computer chips used in cameras back then did not have sufficient ability to do more. However, those two correct exposures combined is 2x necessary, which is 1 EV overexposed (at least the near part the flash lights is). The TTL flash metering sets the flash power level to give a correct exposure with flash. The ambient light is metered by the camera meter, which sets the camera exposure (shutter speed, f/stop and Auto ISO) to a correct exposure. Otherwise, normal bright light meters TTL BL balanced, and dimmer ambient meters TTL. A few flash models (SB-600, 800, 900) have a menu to select either TTL or TTL BL, but iTTL will be TTL BL unless there was a way to override it. The camera menu call it all TTL, meaning whatever the flash is going to do. Specifically, TTL BL means balanced, in contrast to regular TTL mode which is regular TTL flash automation, when flash power is adjusted to whatever was actually metered, Not balanced flash, Not reduced by ambient level. In bright ambient, balanced means it reduces flash level to be fill level to merge it with bright ambient. TTL BL is balanced flash, which is the default flash metering mode of iTTL cameras. But even the term iTTL has two meanings to consider. In 2003, the SB-800 was the first iTTL flash for the Nikon D2H DSLR camera that could use it.But in reference to older film gear, TTL specifically specifies film TTL. And there was a short previous first Nikon digital try (until 2003) called D-TTL. Today, with current digital DSLR, Nikon's mode is called iTTL now. Film TTL was always called TTL, which made sense back in those times, but digital is a new situation, different now, and we had to find new terms today. The term TTL previously specifically meant the TTL auto-metered method used on Film cameras, A) above.For example, a flash menu may say TTL (general automatic flash), but it means it does what the metering system is going to do, which may actually be iTTL (a specific type of general TTL). It can be of any type, generally, without specificity. The menus use it this way, to just mean automatically metered flash. TTL is used to generically refer to automatic Through The Lens metering, not necessarily even flash.The context of the TTL term usage has to be mentally analyzed to decipher meanings.
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